In this class, you will repeatedly encounter references to such ideas as "protocols", "standards", and "specifications".  Those ideas are related to one another -- in that they refer to patterned ways of doing things -- but they are not synonymous.  They will be especially important in an area like computer networking, in which many separate parts are required to be connected and interact with one another.  As such, understanding them is helpful.
<ul>
    <li>Write a brief essay (1.5 to 2 pages, <strong><u>not</u></strong> including sources and endnotes) addressing the idea of standards and specifications. Your essay should address the following issues:
        <ul>
            <li>Brief definitions for each of the following concepts:
                <ul>
                    <li>standard</li>
                    <li>specification</li>
                    <li>protocol</li>
                </ul>
            </li>
            <li>For each of the aforementioned concepts, please give a brief example.  No two examples should come from the same layer of the OSI model.</li>
            <li>Describe the relationship between the three concepts.  How are they similar and different?</li>
        </ul>
        <strong>NOTE:</strong> This does not mean your essay simply answers the above, one after the other.  Rather, you should incorporate these in a manner that <em style="text-decoration:underline">logically flows</em> from one idea to the next.
    </li>
    <li>For help understanding the concepts and their similarities/differences, you might try searches such as the following:<br/>
        <div style="margin-top:5px">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="code" style="font-weight:bold">standard vs specification</span></div>
        <div style="margin-top:5px">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="code" style="font-weight:bold">standard vs protocol</span></div>
        <div style="margin-top:5px">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="code" style="font-weight:bold">protocol vs specification</span></div>
    </li>
    <li>Your 1.5-to-2-page essay should meet the following specifications:
        <ul>
            <li>Use at least two sources that are <strong style="text-decoration:underline">NOT</strong> the textbook or lecture notes.
                <ul>
                    <li>All sources must be consulted must be explicitly oriented to science, technology, and/or engineering.</li>
                    <li>Generic, non-technology-specific encyclopaedias, dictionaries, websites, etc. are not valid sources.</li>
                    <li>User-created content -- such as blogs and discussion board posts -- should be vetted for credibility before being used.</li>
                </ul>
            </li>
            <li>Cite your sources:
                <ul>
                    <li>List any sources consulted.  These are sources that significantly <em>influenced your thinking</em> or <em>helped you to work out your ideas</em> -- even if you did not take any specific ideas or points from them.</li>
                    <li>If you do consult the textbook and/or lecture notes, those must be cited, as well.</li>
                    <li>Any direct quotes (or close paraphrasals) -- in other words, where you are using a <em>specific idea or point</em> from a source -- should be surrounded by quotation marks (<span style='code'>" "</span>) and cited with endnotes</li>
                    <li>There may be some overlap between works consulted and endnotes.</li>
                    <li>There are various official citation styles -- MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.  Choose one that you know.  At the very least, your citation should make it easy for me to find your source -- and place within the source, if applicable.</li>
                    <li>Any online source cited <u><em>must</em></u> include a URL so that I can easily navigate to it, if needed.</li>
                </ul>
            </li>
            <li>Correct grammar and spelling</li>
            <li>In paragraph form -- <em><u><strong>not</strong></u> one large block of text!</em></li>
            <li>Paragraphs flow logically from one to the next</li>
            <li>Double-spaced</li>
            <li>12-point font</li>
            <li>1-inch margins</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li>To get a broad idea of visual appearance, here is an example: <a href="./Lorem.pdf">link</a>.</li>
    <li>There is no need to consume several lines at the beginning with information like class, date, etc.  Your name will be sufficient.</li>
</ul>